Log and image are unique and important primary data of field research, and also an important part of scientific data. In order to further standardize the collection, collation, warehousing and exchange of expedition logs and image data of the second Comprehensive scientific investigation and research project on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and ensure the operability, organization and standardization of the warehousing of expedition logs and image data, this technical specification is formulated. This specification provides procedures and methods for the collection and collation of investigation logs and image data, including work preparation, field investigation, data collation and other requirements, in order to better serve the storage of investigation data. This specification applies to the collation and storage of log and image data of field investigations organized by the second Comprehensive scientific investigation and research project on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and other relevant data formed by field investigations can also be carried out by reference to this technical specification.
YANG Yaping
This data set contains information on natural disasters in Qinghai over nearly 50 years, including the times, places and the consequences of natural disasters such as droughts, floods, hail, continuous rain, snow disasters, cold waves and strong temperature drops, low temperature freezing injuries, gales and sandstorms, pest plagues, rats, and geological disasters. Qinghai Province is located in the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau and has a total area of 720,000 square kilometers. Numerous rivers, glaciers and lakes lie in the province. Because two mother rivers of the Chinese nation, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and the famous international river—the Lancang River—originated here, it is known as the "Chinese Water Tower"; there are 335,000 square meters of available grasslands in the province, and the natural pasture area ranks fourth in the country after those of Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang. There are various types of grasslands, abundant grassland resources, and 113 families, 564 genera and 2100 species of vascular plants, which grow and develop under the unique climatic condition of the Tibetan Plateau and strongly represent the characteristics of the plateau ecological environment. As the main part of the Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Province is one of the centers of the formation and evolution of biological species in China. It is also a sensitive area and fragile zone for the study of climate and ecological environment in the international field of sciences and technology. The terrain and land-forms in Qinghai are complex, with interlaced mountains, valleys and basins, widely distributed snow and glaciers, the Gobi and other deserts and grassland. Complex terrain conditions, high altitudes and harsh climatic conditions make Qinghai a province with frequent meteorological disasters. The main meteorological disasters include droughts, floods, hail, continuous rain, snow disasters, cold waves and strong temperature drops, low temperature freezing injuries, gales and sandstorms. The data are extracted from the Qinghai Volume of Chinese Meteorological Disaster Dictionary, with manual entry, summarizing and proofreading.
Qinghai Provincial Bureau of Statistics
This data set collates and collects various geological hazard points, topographic relief, landslide, elevation, land use and other influencing factors, with a resolution of 90m. The above factor layers and sample data are used to obtain the risk grade map with random forest. Data sets / atlas are mainly generated by: raw data (investigation, collection and purchase, etc.), processing data (calculation and simulation). The data source is downloaded from the open source website with an accuracy of 90m. The data is downloaded from the open source website and calculated in spider with their own random forest code. The training set is 80% and the test set is 20%. Open it with a computer that can run ArcGIS.
YANG Wentao
Based on the concept of Height Above Nearest Drainage ( HAND ) derived from the international digital elevation model, the HAND model was used to identify the flooded area, and the spatial distribution of flood hazard level in the flood area of the study area was established. Flood hazard in the study area is divided into 1-5 grades, of which 5 represent very high risk, 4 represent high risk, 3 represent medium risk, 2 represent low risk, 1 represent very low risk.
CHEN Bo
Based on China's daily ground meteorological elements data set, national geographic basic data, demographic data, and 30M resolution DEM data, statistical yearbook data, historical disaster records, and other related data, using multi-methods like PCA, random forests to calculate hazard and vulnerability indicators, based on extreme precipitation，high temperature, flood, snow hazard, collapse and landslide hazards, to build comprehensive disaster risk index, and process them with normalization. Among them, we consider all the above disaster types in Hengduan Mountain area, and flood, snow disaster, collapse and landslide disaster in sichuan-tibet railway. The natural disasters hazard map, vulnerability map and comprehensive risk map of Hengduan Mountains (Sichuan-Tibet Railway) are included in the dataset.
ZHANG Qiang, ZHOU Qiang, WU Wenhuan, ZHAO Jiaqi, YUAN Ruyue
Freezing-thawing disaster is the frost heaving and thawing settling caused by the change of thermal and mechanical stability of frozen soil, as well as the geological disasters caused by it, such as frost heaving hillock, ice cone, thermal thawing slump, thermal thawing subsidence, thawing mud flow, etc. In order to reveal the regional risk characteristics of freezing-thawing disasters around The Himalayas and in Asia's water tower region, it is very important to carry out the risk assessment of the factors causing the freezing-thawing disasters around the Himalayas and Asia's water tower region.The risk assessment of the risk factors of freezing-thawing disaster is mainly based on the climate, geography, environment and other factors of the evaluation area, and the geological conditions of the area are considered as the main factors of the risk assessment, and the risk assessment of the risk factors is graded.
ZHANG Guoming
This data set includes 1:1 million historical mountain flood disaster data in the Himalayas, 1:1 million mountain flood prevention and control area distribution data in the Himalayas, 1:1 million mountain flood zoning distribution data in the Himalayas, and 1:1 million key prevention and control area distribution data in the Himalayas. All data are based on the results of national mountain flood disaster investigation and evaluation, and obtain the information of historical mountain flood disaster occurrence time, location, disaster type, cause, longitude, latitude, quantity, distribution and number of victims in the study area, as well as the distribution data of mountain flood zoning, prevention and control area and key prevention and control areas in the study area, so as to form the distribution data set of historical mountain flood disaster in the Himalayas.
WANG Zhonggen
The photos contain the disaster spots and work photos of the scientific research every day (Juue 15th, 2021-July 24 6th, 2021), and the questionnaire of each disaster spot (including landslide, collapse, debris flow, etc.). The disaster spots recorded every day are marked on the map, converted into KMZ format, and the distribution of disaster spots in the scientific research area is analyzed on GIS. The distribution of disaster points shows that rainfall-induced landslide, debirs flow and rockfall, flash flood disaster points are major located along along the eastern route and the intensity are dense in there. In addition, the transportation infrastructure and popultion are relative densely distributed along the earstern route, may be resulte in high comprehensively disaster risk.In the western route, there are major distributed sand disaster, also mass movement disasters such as landslde and rockfall. The above pictures, vedios, disaster point map and route map are recorded. The above data are intuitive data for researching scientific expeditions, also are the key input data and examine data. In addition, they are fundamental significance for objectively judging the types and distribution of disasters in the scientific expedition area, as well as disaster prevention and mitigation measures.
ZHANG Zhengtao
To fully implement the measures for the administration of the scientific data for the "government budget funding for formation of the scientific data shall, in accordance with the open as normal, not open for exception principle, by the competent department to organize the formulation of scientific data resources directory, the directory should be timely access to the national data sharing and data exchange platform, open to society and relevant departments to share, In the spirit of unimpeded military-civilian sharing channels for scientific data, and in accordance with the relevant requirements of relevant exchange standards and specifications, this code is now established for the second Comprehensive scientific investigation and research project on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The main drafting unit of this code: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS. Main draftsman of this specification: project group 9 of the second Comprehensive Scientific investigation and research Mission of qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
YANG Yaping
This data includes: 30m mountain flood comprehensive risk data, 30m mountain flood risk data, 30m mountain flood disaster bearing body data and 30m mountain flood vulnerability distribution data in the Himalayas. Based on the results of national investigation and evaluation of mountain flood disasters, the distribution of comprehensive risk indicators of mountain flood disasters in the study area, the distribution of mountain flood risk indicators in each administrative village, the distribution of mountain flood disaster bearing body indicators and the distribution of mountain flood vulnerability indicators are obtained, forming the comprehensive risk distribution data of mountain flood disasters in the Himalayas. This data is helpful to analyze the spatial variation characteristics and distribution law of mountain flood disaster. The zoning of mountain flood disaster risk plays a guiding role in the flood control management and deployment of flood control emergency departments.
WANG Zhonggen
Flood risk assessment data along Sichuan Tibet railway, including natural indicators, risk, vulnerability and risk assessment data. Data source: obtained from the earth big data science and Engineering website; Calculated and obtained according to DEM downloaded by USGS. Processing method: the maximum 24h precipitation with five-year return period is obtained by calculating the frequency according to the annual maximum 24h precipitation sequence in the assessment area; The river network index is obtained by cutting and processing the level 6 water network of Haihe River version in the assessment area; The risk is obtained by calculating the maximum 24h precipitation once in five years and the assignment of river network index; Vulnerability is obtained by weighting the data of population density, transportation cost and total GDP; Risk data is calculated based on risk and vulnerability weighting. Formulate digital processing operation specifications. In the process of processing, the operators are required to strictly abide by the operation specifications, and a special person is responsible for the quality review. The data integrity, logical consistency, position accuracy, attribute accuracy, edge connection accuracy and current situation all meet the requirements of relevant technical regulations and standards formulated by the State Bureau of Surveying and mapping, and the quality is excellent and reliable.
WANG Zhonggen
1) In recent years, with the global climate change, coupled with the internal dynamic disturbance and strong tectonic uplift, mountain disasters and floods in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau occur frequently, which poses a great threat to rural settlements in mountainous areas. Village disaster vulnerability and comprehensive risk prevention ability have gradually become an important topic of rural disaster prevention and reduction. 2) This data comes from a random questionnaire survey conducted from June to September 2021 in tuomai village, Lang Town, Lang County, Nyingchi City, Bangna village, Linzhi Town, Bayi District, xuewaka village, Gu township, Bomi County, Beibeng village, Beibeng Township, Motuo County, Xueni village, zhuwagen Town, Chayu County, Ranwu village, Ranwu Town, Basu County, Qamdo city and Zhuba village, Baima Town, Basu county, And the respondents are mainly adults familiar with family conditions. 3) Based on the principles of scientificity, applicability, feasibility, typicality and specificity, the questionnaire is designed for the individual villages around the Himalayas on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. In order to ensure the reliability and validity of the design content of the questionnaire, a pre survey was conducted before the formal survey to further modify and improve the questionnaire. Before the formal start of the questionnaire survey, the investigators were explained the contents of the questionnaire and trained in survey skills. 4) A total of 231 questionnaires were completed, including 35 in tuomai village, 24 in Bangna village, 21 in xuewaka village, 38 in Beibeng village, 16 in Xueni village, 72 in Ranwu village and 25 in Zhuba village. The effective rate of the questionnaire was 98.6%.
ZHOU Qiang, CHEN Ruishan , LIU Fenggui, LI Wanzhi , LI Shengmei , CHEN Qiong, GAO Haixin
The UHSLC offers tide gauge data with two levels of quality-control (QC). Fast Delivery (FD) data are released within 1-2 months of data collection and receive only basic QC focused on large level shifts and obvious outliers. The GLOSS/CLIVAR (formerly known as the WOCE) "fast" sea level data is distributed as hourly, daily, and monthly values. This project is supported by the NOAA Climate and Global Change program, and is one of the activities of the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center. Each file is given a name "h###.dat" where "h" denotes hourly sea level data and "###" denotes the station number. A file exists for every station with hourly data. The UHSLC datasets are GLOSS data streams (read more here). There are many tide gauge records in the UHSLC database, but the backbone is the GLOSS Core Network (GCN) – a global set of ~300 tide gauge stations that serve as the foundation of the global in situ sea level network. The network is designed to provide evenly distributed sampling of global coastal sea level variation at a variety of time-scales.
DONG Wen, University of hawaii sealevel center （UHSLC）
"Disaster data for countries along the belt and road, mainly from the global disaster database.The records information of disaster database are from the United Nations, government and non-governmental organizations, research institutions and the media. It's documented in detail such as the country where the disaster occurred, the type of disaster, the date of the disaster, the number of deaths and the estimated economic losses. This study extracts the natural disaster records of the countries along the One Belt And One Road line one by one from the database, and finally forms the disaster database of 9 major disasters of the 65 countries. The natural disaster records collected can be roughly divided into nine categories, including: floods, landslides, extreme temperatures, storms, droughts, forest fires, earthquakes, mass movements and volcanic activities. From 1900 to 2018, a total of 5,479 disaster records were recorded in countries along the One Belt And One Road. From 2000 to 2015, there were 2,673 disaster records. On this basis, the natural disasters of the countries along the belt and road are investigated from four aspects, including disaster frequency, death toll, disaster-affected population and economic loss assessment. Overall, since 1900, a total of 5479 natural disasters have occurred in countries along the One Belt And One Road, resulting in about 19 million deaths and economic losses of about 950 billion us dollars. Among them, the most frequent occurrence is flood and storm; the biggest economic losses are floods and earthquakes; the most affected people are flood and drought; drought and flooding are the leading causes of death
YIN Jun
1)The data content includes three stages of soil erosion intensity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 1992, 2005 and 2015, and the grid resolution is 300m. 2) China soil erosion prediction model (CSLE) was used to calculate the soil erosion amount of more than 4,000 investigation units on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Soil erosion was interpolated according to land use on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to the soil erosion classification standard, the soil erosion intensity map of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was obtained. 3) By comparing the differences of three-stage soil erosion intensity data, it conforms to the actual change law and the data quality is good. 4) The data of soil erosion intensity are of great significance to the study of soil erosion in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the sustainable development of local ecosystems. In the attribute table, "Value" represents the erosion intensity level, from 1 to 6, the value represents slight, mild, moderate, intense, extremely intense and severe. "BL" represents the percentage of echa erosion intensity in the total area.
ZHANG Wenbo
This data set contains the statistical information of natural disasters in Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the past 50 years (1950-2002), including drought, snow disaster, frost disaster, hail, flood, wind disaster, lightning disaster, cold wave and strong cooling, low temperature and freezing damage, gale sandstorm, insect disaster, rodent damage and other meteorological disasters. Qinghai and Tibet are the main parts of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The Qinghai Tibet Plateau is one of the Centers for the formation and evolution of biological species in China. It is also a sensitive area and fragile zone for the international scientific and technological circles to study climate and ecological environment changes. Its complex terrain conditions, high altitude and severe climate conditions determine that the ecological environment is very fragile, It has become the most frequent area of natural disasters in China. The data were extracted from "China Meteorological Disaster Canon · Qinghai volume" and "China Meteorological Disaster Canon · Tibet Volume", which were manually input, summarized and proofread.
Statistical Bureau Statistical Bureau
This data uses a landslide hazard risk assessment model consisting of four modules: landslide hazard causative factors, landslide susceptibility model, exposed population and population casualty rate. The module of hazard-causing factors includes DEM, slope, rainfall, temperature, snow cover, GDP, and vegetation cover factors. The landslide hazard susceptibility model is a statistical analysis using a logistic regression model to obtain landslide susceptibility probability values. The population exposure module uses the landslide susceptibility values overlaid with population data. The population casualty rate module is based on the ratio of historical landslide casualties to the population exposed to landslides during the same period. Finally, by substituting the 2020 population data, the exposed population under different levels of landslide hazard susceptibility is calculated and multiplied with the historical period landslide hazard population casualty rate to assessIntegrated multi-hazard population risk in the peri-Himalayan and Asian water tower regions
WANG Ying
Water scarcity，food crises and ecological deterioration caused by drought disasters are a direct threat to food security and socio-economic development. Improvement of drought disaster risk assessment and emergency management is now urgently required. This article describes major scientific and technological progress in the field of drought disaster risk assessment. Drought is a worldwide natural disaster that has long affected agricultural production as well as social and economic activities. Frequent droughts have been observed in the Belt and Road area, in which much of the agricultural land is concentrated in fragile ecological environment. The relative moisture index is the difference between the precipitation in a certain period of time and the potential evapotranspiration in the same period and then divided by the potential evapotranspiration in the same period.The precipitation data comes from the downscaling of the TRMM/GPM satellite precipitation data, and the potential evapotranspiration is estimated using the Thornthwaite method. For detailed algorithm, please refer to "National Standard for Meteorological Drought of China" (GB/T 20481-2017). The data only covers 34 key node areas along the Belt and Road.
WU Hua
The sand drift potential data sets of Central Asia in 2017 is in tif format. It covers five countries in Central Asia, including Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. The sand drift potential is absolutely drift potential, that is, the sum of the flux in all directions, regardless of the direction of the potential. The data was obtained by GLDAS global three-hour assimilation data extraction calculation. The temporal resolution is month, the spatial resolution is 0.25°, and the time range is 2017. This data set can be used as an important reference data for sand storm disaster assessment.
GAO Xin
Water scarcity，food crises and ecological deterioration caused by drought disasters are a direct threat to food security and socio-economic development. Improvement of drought disaster risk assessment and emergency management is now urgently required. This article describes major scientific and technological progress in the field of drought disaster risk assessment. Drought is a worldwide natural disaster that has long affected agricultural production as well as social and economic activities. Frequent droughts have been observed in the Belt and Road area, in which much of the agricultural land is concentrated in fragile ecological environment. Soil relative humidity index is one of the indicators to characterize soil drought and can directly reflect the status of crops' available water.
GE Yong, WU Hua
Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable for high temperature and drought monitoring and climate and ecological environment research. Due to the sparse distribution of ground observation stations, thermal infrared remote sensing technology has become an important means of quickly obtaining ground temperature over large areas. However, there are many missing and low-quality values in satellite-based LST data because clouds cover more than 60% of the global surface every day. This article presents a unique LST dataset with a monthly temporal resolution for China from 2003 to 2017 that makes full use of the advantages of MODIS data and meteorological station data to overcome the defects of cloud influence via a reconstruction model. We specifically describe the reconstruction model, which uses a combination of MODIS daily data, monthly data and meteorological station data to reconstruct the LST in areas with cloud coverage and for grid cells with elevated LST error, and the data performance is then further improved by establishing a regression analysis model. The validation indicates that the new LST dataset is highly consistent with in situ observations. For the six natural subregions with different climatic conditions in China, verification using ground observation data shows that the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 1.24 to 1.58 K, the mean absolute error (MAE) varies from 1.23 to 1.37 K and the Pearson coefficient (R2) ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. The new dataset adequately captures the spatiotemporal variations in LST at annual, seasonal and monthly scales. From 2003 to 2017, the overall annual mean LST in China showed a weak increase. Moreover, the positive trend was remarkably unevenly distributed across China. The most significant warming occurred in the central and western areas of the Inner Mongolia Plateau in the Northwest Region, and the average annual temperature change is greater than 0.1K (R>0:71, P<0:05), and a strong negative trend was observed in some parts of the Northeast Region and South China Region. Seasonally, there was significant warming in western China in winter, which was most pronounced in December. The reconstructed dataset exhibits significant improvements and can be used for the spatiotemporal evaluation of LST in high-temperature and drought-monitoring studies. More detail please refer to Zhao et al (2020). doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528024
MAO Kebiao
The Land Surface Temperature in China dataset contains land surface temperature data for China (about 9.6 million square kilometers of land) during the period of 2003-2017, in Celsius, in monthly temporal and 5600 m spatial resolution. It is produced by combing MODIS daily data(MOD11C1 and MYD11C1), monthly data(MOD11C3 and MYD11C3) and meteorological station data to reconstruct real LST under cloud coverage in monthly LST images, and then a regression analysis model is constructed to further improve accuracy in six natural subregions with different climatic conditions.
MAO Kebiao
We compiled the Seismic Zonation Map of Western Asia using the ArcGIS platform through data collecting and digitization. The Seismic Zonation map of Western Asia covers Iran and its surrounding countries and regions. Based on the “Major active faults of Iran” map, the map is replenished with massive published data and depicts the location and nature of the seisogenic faults or active faults and the epicenter of earthquakes with M ≥ 5 from 1960 to 2019. The zonation map shows the mean values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) with 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. The two maps can not only be used in the research of active faults and seismic risks in Western Asia, but also will be applied to the seismic safety evaluation for infrastructure construction.
LIU Zhicheng
The data set records the main distribution of sudden geological disasters in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2018. The data are collected from the Department of ecological environment of Qinghai Province. The data set contains seven tables, which are: the main distribution of sudden geological disasters in 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016 Distribution statistics table, 2017 Qinghai Province sudden geological disasters distribution table, 2018 Qinghai Province sudden geological disasters distribution table, the data table structure is the same. Each data table has five fields, such as the statistical table of the main distribution of sudden geological disasters in Qinghai Province in 2016 Field 1: county (city) Field 2: landslide Field 3: collapse Field 4: debris flow Field 5: loess collapsibility
Department of Ecology and Environment of Qinghai Province
The Pan-Third Polar region has strong seismic activity, which is driven by the subduction and collision of the Indian plate, the Arab plate and the Eurasian plate. 3809 earthquakes with Magnitude 6 or larger have occurred in Pan-Third Polar region (north latitude 0-56 degrees and east longitude 43-139 degrees) since 1960. Among them, 59 earthquakes with Magnitude 8 or larger, 689 earthquakes with Magnitude 7.0-7.9 and 3061 earthquakes with Magnitude 6.0-6.9 have occurred. Earthquakes occurred mainly in the foothills of the India-Myanmar Mountains, the Himalaya Mountains, the Sulaiman Mountains, where the India Plate collided with the Eurasian plate, and the Zagros Mountains where the Arab plate collided with the Eurasian plate.
WANG Ji
The global typhoon path data set contains the data of 29 typhoon path points in the Northwest Pacific in 2018, including time, longitude and latitude, central air pressure, wind speed and wind force, future direction, future speed, wind force level and other indicators; the data comes from the typhoon network of the Central Meteorological Station (http://typhone.nmc.cn/web.html), using Python to grab the typhoon path data published on the web page, In addition, the captured Excel data table is sorted into ShapeFile form, and each path point is given wind power level according to the wind power rating standard of typhoon; It can be applied to the analysis of the characteristics and influence of the movement of typhoon path points, wind speed and wind force.
CHEN Yiting, YANG Hua, WU Jianjun, ZHOU Hongmin
Data content: permeability and permeability stability test data of soil materials with different dry densities Data source: the test data orginated from each piezometer, osmometer, stopwatch and measuring cylinder. All instruments are submitted for inspection every year. Collection location and method: seepage Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Water Sciences. Test the dry density according to the gradation and sample preparation thickness. Collection time: August 1, 2020 to August 20, 2020 Data quality description: through the permeability and permeability stability test of piping soil material under different density and grading, the data content includes seepage flow, water head and time. The test data come from various pressure measuring tubes, osmometers, stopwatches and measuring cylinders, which were submitted for inspection every year.
XIE Dingsong
Data content: permeability and permeability stability test data of soil materials with different fine particle amounts Data source: through the seepage and seepage stability test of piping soil material under different density and grading, the data content includes seepage flow, water head and time. Collection location and method: seepage Laboratory of Chinese Academy of water sciences. Test the dry density according to the gradation and sample preparation thickness. Collection time: August 1, 2020 to August 20, 2020 Data quality description: the test data are from various pressure measuring tubes, osmometers, stopwatches and measuring cylinders, and all instruments are submitted for inspection every year.
XIE Dingsong
1) In mountainous areas, due to the complex topographic and geological background conditions, landslides are very easy to occur triggered by external factors such as rainfall, snow melting, earthquake and human engineering activities, resulting in the loss of life and property and the destruction of the natural environment. In order to meet the safety of project site construction, the rationality of land use planning and the urgent needs of disaster mitigation, it is necessary to carry out regional landslide sensitivity evaluation. When many different evaluation results are obtained by using a variety of different methods, how to effectively combine these results to obtain the optimal prediction is a technical problem that is still not difficult to solve at present. It is still very lack in determining the optimal strategy and operation execution of the optimal method for landslide sensitivity evaluation in a certain area. 2) Using the traditional classical multivariate classification technology, through the evaluation of model results and error quantification, the optimal evaluation model is combined to quickly realize the high-quality evaluation of regional landslide sensitivity. The source code is written based on the R language software platform. The user needs to prepare a local folder separately to read and store the software operation results. The user needs to remember the folder storage path and make corresponding settings in the software source code. 3) The source code designs two different modes to display the operation results of the model. The analysis results are output in the standard format of text and graphic format and the geospatial mode that needs spatial data and is displayed in the standard geographic format. 4) it is suitable for all people interested in landslide risk assessment. The software can be used efficiently by experienced researchers in Colleges and universities, and can also be used by government personnel and public welfare organizations in the field of land and environmental planning and management to obtain landslide sensitivity classification results conveniently, quickly, correctly and reliably. It can serve regional land use planning, disaster risk assessment and management, disaster emergency response under extreme induced events (earthquake or rainfall, etc.), and has great practical guiding significance for the selection of landslide monitoring equipment and the reasonable and effective layout and operation of early warning network. It can be popularized and applied in areas with serious landslide development
YANG Zhongkang
1) The work of automatically dividing a wide and complex geospatial area or even a complete watershed into repeatable and geomorphically consistent topographic units is still in the stage of theoretical concept, and there are great challenges in practical operation. Terrain unit is a further subdivision of topography and geomorphology, which can ensure the maximum uniformity of geomorphic features in slope unit and the maximum heterogeneity between different units. It is suitable for geomorphic or hydrological modeling, landslide detection in remote sensing images, landslide sensitivity analysis and geological disaster risk assessment. 2) Slope unit is an important type of topographic unit. Slope unit is defined as the area surrounded by watershed and catchment line. In fact, the area surrounded by watershed and catchment line is often multiple slopes or even a small watershed. Theoretically, each slope unit needs to ensure the maximum internal homogeneity and the maximum heterogeneity between different units. The slope unit is an area with obviously different topographic characteristics from the adjacent area. These topographic characteristics can be based on the characteristics of catchment or drainage boundary, slope and slope direction, such as ridge line, valley line, platform boundary, valley bottom boundary and other geomorphic boundaries. According to the high-precision digital elevation model, the slope unit with appropriate scale and quality can be drawn manually, but the manual drawing method is time-consuming and error prone. The quality of the divided slope unit depends on the subjective experience of experts, which is suitable for small-scale areas and has no wide and universal application value. Aiming at the gap in practical operation in this field, we propose an innovative modeling software system to realize the optimal division of slope units. Automatic division system of slope unit based on confluence analysis and slope direction division v1 0, written in Python programming language, runs and calculates as the grass GIS interpolation module, and realizes the automatic division of slope units in a given digital elevation data and a set of predefined parameters. 4) Based on python programming language, the code is flexible and changeable, which is suitable for scientific personnel with different professional knowledge to make a wide range of customization and personalized customization. In addition, the software can provide high-quality slope unit division results, reflect the main geomorphic characteristics of the region, and provide a based evaluation unit for fine landslide disaster evaluation and prediction. It can serve regional land use planning, disaster risk assessment and management, disaster emergency response under extreme induced events (earthquake or rainfall, etc.), and has great practical guiding significance for the selection of landslide monitoring equipment and the reasonable and effective layout and operation of early warning network. It can be popularized and applied in areas with serious landslide development.
YANG Zhongkang
Landslide drainage and seepage prevention is a common technology for the treatment of landslide source area in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The existing siphon drainage technology is inefficient when applied to high altitude areas. Through improvement, a variable pipe diameter and high head siphon drainage technology is proposed to solve the deep drainage problem of landslide in high altitude and low pressure areas. 12 groups of siphon drainage tests with variable pipe diameter were carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical velocity calculation formula. The test results show that the theoretical calculation results of siphon velocity are in good agreement with the test results, and the relative error of theoretical calculation is within 5%; Different schemes of variable pipe diameter increase the siphon flow rate by 15% - 116%. It can be seen that variable pipe diameter can significantly enhance the drainage capacity of siphons, especially for high lift siphons.
ZHENG Jun
Landslide drainage and seepage prevention is a common technology for the treatment of landslide source area in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The calculation of the existing siphon drainage velocity formula is improved, and the correctness of the modified velocity formula is verified by experiments. The test results show that: (1) the existing siphon calculation formula is only suitable for the calculation of low lift siphon drainage velocity, and the calculation error of high lift siphon drainage velocity is large, and the maximum relative error is more than 90%; (2) The modified siphon calculation formula is suitable for siphon drainage systems with various heads. The theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the relative general error of theoretical calculation is less than 20%; (3) Therefore, it is recommended to use the proposed modified formula for the calculation of siphon drainage velocity.
ZHENG Jun
Landslide drainage and seepage prevention is a common technology for the treatment of landslide source area in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The calculation of the existing siphon drainage velocity formula is improved, and the correctness of the modified velocity formula is verified by experiments. The test results show that: (1) the existing siphon calculation formula is only suitable for the calculation of low lift siphon drainage velocity, and the calculation error of high lift siphon drainage velocity is large, and the maximum relative error is more than 90%; (2) The modified siphon calculation formula is suitable for siphon drainage systems with various heads. The theoretical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the relative general error of theoretical calculation is less than 20%; (3) Therefore, it is recommended to use the proposed modified formula for the calculation of siphon drainage velocity.
ZHENG Jun
Landslide drainage and seepage prevention is a common technology for the treatment of landslide source area in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The existing siphon drainage technology is inefficient when applied to high altitude areas. Through improvement, a variable pipe diameter and high head siphon drainage technology is proposed to solve the deep drainage problem of landslide in high altitude and low pressure areas. 12 groups of siphon drainage tests with variable pipe diameter were carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical velocity calculation formula. The test results show that the theoretical calculation results of siphon velocity are in good agreement with the test results, and the relative error of theoretical calculation is within 5%; Different schemes of variable pipe diameter increase the siphon flow rate by 15% - 116%. It can be seen that variable pipe diameter can significantly enhance the drainage capacity of siphons, especially for high lift siphons.
ZHENG Jun
Data content: statistical analysis data of characteristic laws of large-scale landslide dams based on 1230 worldwide cases Data source: a large database containing 1230 dam cases around the world based on literature retrieval. Collection method: statistical analysis of the basic characteristics of landslide dam database through Excel, origin and other data analysis software and drawing software. Data quality description: Based on the established large-scale dam database, the distribution, inducement, service life, shape, collapse and other characteristics of dams at home and abroad were statistically analyzed. The correlation analysis of some characteristics was carried out, such as the correlation analysis of geological causes and service life of landslide dam, the correlation analysis of inducing factors and geological causes of landslide dam.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Investigation report on the impact of the discharge flood of the "11.3" Baige landslide-damming lake on the downstream area of the Jinsha River Data source: field survey (route: from the junction of the Baqu River (also known as the Bachu River) in Batang County to the reservoir area of Liyuan reservoir). Data quality description: the disaster situation in the lower reaches of Jinsha River was analyzed from three aspects: damaged bridges, damaged towns (hydrological stations) and ancient barrier lakes. For damaged bridges, record and analyze from the aspects of longitude and latitude, flood mark elevation, bridge deck elevation, bridge type, scouring and destruction, etc were conducted; For damaged towns and hydrologic stations, record and analyze the damage on both banks of the river through visit and investigation were conducted; For the ancient barrier lake, combined with the field investigation and Google Earth map, the formation process of the ancient barrier lake was deduced; For the grading map of pebble and sediment particle size taken by the camera, the pebble particle size in the typical area is generalized into ellipse, and the generalized particle size of pebbles with different sizes was extracted. Finally, the pebble particle size grading curve can be drawn.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Basic parameter data of dam breach process under different slope conditions Data source: through literature search, classification, consolidation and compilation. Description of data quality: Based on Jiang Xiangang's physical model test on dam breach with different bed slopes, the traceability erosion process of the dam body was analyzed in order to propose a traceability erosion model and explore the influencing factors of the traceability erosion process. In addition, this job attempts to quantify the undercut rate of the breach and the change rate of the downstream slope toe at each time. In order to find the relationship between them and obtain the calculation formula of the downstream slope angle, the calculation of traceability erosion was carried out. This can provide the basis for the calculation and analysis in the later stage of the project.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Basic data of the Baige landslide dam Data source: literature search, field investigation (Baige dam site), institutional investigation (Ganzi Hydrological Bureau, Chengdu survey, design and Research Institute). Collection method: use camera to take site photos during field investigation; Consult the collection materials of relevant institutions to obtain the basic data of Baige weir plug dam. Data quality description: detailed hydrological data were obtained through institutional investigation, including the data of Batang and Gangtuo hydrological stations and the changes of water level and flow in front of the dam in Ganzi Hydrological Bureau. These data will provide important theoretical basis and reference for further analysis of outburst flood in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Damage calculation data of the Zhubalong Bridge Data source: calculation based on the established flood routing model. Collection method: comprehensive analysis through field investigation, literature retrieval and numerical model simulation. Data quality description: by constructing a two-dimensional dam break flood routing calculation model, the flood routing process after the dam break of Baige barrier lake on the "11.03" Jinsha River was simulated. Taking the Zhubalong Bridge in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River as the research object, the damage process of the bridge was explored based on the balance relationship between structural resistance and mountain flood damage force. The damage process of the Zhubalong Bridge in the process of flood routing was clarified, and the calculation formula for estimating the disaster water level of the bridge was obtained.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Calculation data of bank slope scouring in the lower reaches of the Baige landslide based on flood routing model Data source: Taking the river range of 225 km downstream of Baige dam as the research object, the calculation was based on the constructed flood routing model. Collection method: visit and investigate the disaster situation on the left bank of Zhubalong section of Jinsha River. In order to compare and analyze with the actual investigation results, the 2km section from old bridge at Zhubalong in the Jinsha River to Zhubalong bridge along G318 national highway was intercepted to analyze its flood inundation and riverbed evolution process. Data quality description: Taking the 0-225km long river channel downstream of the Baige barrier lake dam site of Jinsha River as the research area, the routing process of dam break flood is simulated by using the subsection routing method. Through the measured hydrological data of hydrological stations in different river sections, the roughness coefficient of corresponding river sections is calibrated, and the flood routing process of each river section is obtained. On this basis, the 2km section from Zhubalong old bridge on Jinsha River to Zhubalong bridge on G318 national highway is intercepted, and its flood inundation and riverbed evolution process are analyzed. Taking the damaged highway and house scouring erosion from the confluence of Bachu River to Zhubalong section as an example, the analysis, calculation and verification are carried out.
ZHANG Xinhua
Data content: Calculation and numerical model of overtopping dam failure of landslide dam established based on the breach mechanism (taking the Baige landslide as an example) Data source: numerical model based on Visual Studio code platform. Collection method: Based on the basic parameters of Baige landslide dam, calculation was carried out through the established model. Data quality description: firstly, the dam-break models proposed by previous scholars were compared and analyzed, and then the input parameters required by the Baige dam-break numerical model were substituted for calculation according to the actual Baige dam break process. The breach process simulation of the Baige landslide dam was obtained, and the simulation results were compared with the actual process for verification.
ZHANG Xinhua
Content: Flow variation data of fine material dam break Data source: the test data are from the dam-breach model test of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Collection location and method: China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research. Collect and monitor various data through physical model test. Data quality description: the purpose of this test was to simulate the permeable piping dam break of the dam body, monitor the whole process of the break, and analyze the occurrence and development process of the break. The dam break mode of this test was the dam body permeable piping dam break. The initial piping position was located in the middle of the left side of the dam body. When piping occurs, the water storage height in the model reservoir was 4.6m and the water surface was 0.4m from the dam crest. The dam break process can be divided into seven stages.
XIE Dingsong
The data set uses the multi disaster risk assessment model for livestock in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (Ye et al. 2019) to simulate the livestock deaths caused by the comprehensive superposition impact of multiple disasters on livestock, such as winter snow disaster, strong wind, low temperature, high altitude hypoxia and summer drought, and evaluate the expected annual deaths. The data can provide information on the death risk of multi disaster livestock around the Himalayas and the Asian water tower area. The data comes from China Meteorological science data sharing service system cn05 1. National Qinghai Tibet Plateau data center, Qinghai Tibet Plateau multi-source remote sensing synthetic 1km snow cover data set (1995-2018), mod13q1.006 vegetation index data, SRTM 1 arc second global elevation data.
YE Tao
The evaluation area of the data set is the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The data set is based on the spatial distribution data set of geological hazard risk, earthquake risk, flood risk and freeze-thaw risk, with weights of 0.25, 0.4, 0.15 and 0.05 respectively. The disaster risk is divided into five levels, representing extremely low, low, medium, high and extremely high risk levels respectively. Finally, the risk evaluation results of multiple disasters in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau are obtained. Using the investigation data and public data, the multi disaster risk data of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau are obtained by weighted analysis of each single disaster risk data in ArcGIS.
LIU Lianyou
1) Data content: this data set is the landslide disaster data of Sanjiang Basin in the southeast of Qinghai Tibet Plateau; 2) Data source and processing method: this data set was independently interpreted by Dai Fuchu of Beijing University of technology using Google Earth; This data file is finally formed by remote sensing interpretation - on-site verification - re interpretation - re verification and other methods after 7 systematic interpretation. More than 5000 landslides have been verified on site with high accuracy; 4) This data has broad application prospects for hydropower resources development, traffic engineering construction and geological disaster evaluation in the three river basins in the southeast of Qinghai Tibet Plateau.
DAI Fuchu
Data content: spatial distribution, development mechanism and point database of river-blocking landslide in the Three Rivers region Collection scheme: First carry out Google Earth remote sensing interpretation, then carry out field verification and improve the interpretation signs in combination with field verification. Then carry out detailed interpretation, and collect the scale and geomorphic data including landslide source area, movement area and accumulation area. Then study and analyze the typical cases of river-blocking landslide, This reveals the engineering geological classification and genetic mechanism of river-blocking landslide in the Three Rivers rigion. Collection location: Sanjiang area of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Sichuan University Collection time: October 1, 2018 to October 31, 2021
DENG Jianhui , ZHAO Siyuan
Data content: Monitoring of seepage infiltration line and analysis of seepage infiltration degree of dam break Data source: the data collection place is Sichuan. The experimental analysis was mainly completed in Sichuan University and Chengdu Ruyi Instrument Co., Ltd. The instruments used included high-speed camera, wave altimeter, electronic pressure measuring tube, pressure sensor, mechanical timer, etc. The collection time is 2021. Acquisition method: according to the indoor test, observe the evolution process of seepage development in the process of dam break of weir plug dam through electronic piezometer, pressure sensor and high-speed camera. Data quality description: carry out the stability model test of dam with different structures, and carry out the indoor test. According to the grading requirements of 14 working conditions, pile the dam body on the bottom plate of the water tank, and arrange multiple cameras to observe. During the process of clean water flowing into the water tank to wash the dam until the end of dam break, observe the coordinates of the infiltration process, and record the change process of the infiltration coordinates with time.
NIU Zhipan
Data content: monitoring of water level and flow velocity of dam break, and analysis of Froude number and flow process Data source: the data collection place is Sichuan. The experimental analysis was mainly completed in Sichuan University and Chengdu Ruyi Instrument Co., Ltd. The instruments used include high-speed camera, wave altimeter, electronic pressure measuring tube, pressure sensor, mechanical timer, etc. The collection time is 2021. Acquisition method: observe the process of field large-scale dam burst test through multiple high-speed cameras, wave altimeters, total head pressure sensors, mechanical timers and other instruments. Data quality description: relevant sensors were arranged in the field test, and real-time process dynamic observation was carried out. A total of 6 large-scale test conditions were observed, including water level and flow rate observation at 400 points. Then, Froude number and flow process were calculated and analyzed through flow rate and water level.
NIU Zhipan
Data content: Taking Baige landslide in 2018 as an example, this data simulated the down-hill migration and accumulation process of debris flow on the slope Data source: this numerical simulation data was collected and recorded by computer software (using open source code ESYS-Particle). Data quality description: the data were mainly images and video GIF files, which were processed by video editing and image processing software. Data application results: Taking the latest Dujiang landslide as an example, the simulation of the downward migration and accumulation process of debris flow along the slope will provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of landslide disaster effect from the development of similar strata and slope structure.
XU Nuwen
Data content: this data used the open source code ESYS-Particle to simulate the interaction between debris flow and slit dam Data source: this numerical simulation data was collected and recorded by computer software (using open source code ESYS-Particle). Data quality description: the data were mainly images and video GIF files, which were processed by video editing and image processing software. Data application: four basic interaction stages of debris flow impacting slit dam were revealed: initial impact stage, uplift stage, accumulation stage and deposition stage. The interception efficiency of slit dam with different relative column spacing to particles of different shapes was analyzed.
XU Nuwen
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